Endocrine Abstracts

The prevalence of sarcopenic obesity (SO) is increasing worldwide, posing important challenges to public health and national health care system, especially during the COVID pandemic. In subjects with SO, it is essential to reduce body weight preserving lean mass, in order to avoid a worsening of muscle function. Lifestyle modification with adequate nutrition and proper physical activity is essential to counteract SO progression. In accordance with the Position Statement of the...

The role played by physical activity in promoting bone health is now widely recognized. Physical activity limits and slows down the physiological demineralization that occurs over the years and plays an important role in the prevention of osteoporosis. SuperJump, a high-impact training activity performed on a mini-trampoline characterized by alternating between aerobic and anaerobic exercises, has been shown to be able to generate a substantial osteogenic response and increase...

Hypercalcaemia has been previously described in association with ketogenic diet (KD), occurring within 12 months of starting KD. We present a case where severe hypercalcaemia occured after four years on KD.Case: A 5.5-year-old boy referred for hypercalcaemia in context of early sepsis and background of Dynamin-1 gene mutation causing infantile epileptic encephalopathy. He had been commenced on KD at 18 months of age for drug-resistant seizures. A Deep Br...

Obesity has become one of the most important public health problems. Considered as one of the many adverse consequences of overweight and obesity, the maleobesity-associatedsecondary hypogonadism (MOSH) is a very prevalent and undervalued condition. Is characterized by low total testosterone (TT) levels associated to low or inappropriately normal luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Increased aromatase activity, imbalance in the testosterone/estradi...

We report of two sisters with hyperandrogenism, menstrual abnormalities, and severe insulin resistance. The elder sister was seen after puberty at age 21 and she was referred for the evaluation of hirsutism and polymenorrhoea; the younger was seen earlier in life, at age 15, for the evaluation of secondary amenorrhoea. In both of them, we performed the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in accordance to the Rotterdam criteria. They also presented a lipodystrophic ph...

The role of TSH in the pathogenesis of thyroid nodule (TN) is controversial.We have evaluated the prevalence of TN in a group of 800 subjects with and without autoimmune thyroiditis (AT). The prevalence of TN, the number and volume of nodules was evaluated in relation with TSH and antithyroid antibodies titles.The subjects were of both sex, aged between 20 and 80 years and were recruited in a random manner, in the context of an epi...

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder among premenopausal women affecting up to 20% of the population. Even though androgen excess is the main diagnostic criterion for PCOS, the evaluation of hyperandrogenemia relies on methods with low accuracy and mainly able to measure total androgen amounts. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) allows high accuracy steroids measurement and if applied to saliva, it also allows the measurem...

Objective: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) phenotypes, generated by the possible combinations of the three Rotterdam diagnostic criteria, show a different scale of metabolic risk among PCOS women, being greatest in the classic subgroup, followed by the ovulatory and normoandrogenic phenotype. Aldosterone is an important cardiovascular risk factor. Previous studies reported increased levels of aldosterone in PCOS women, suggesting a possible role in the development of some car...

Steroid biosynthesis and metabolism are reflected by the serum steroid metabolome and, in even more detail, by the 24-hour urine steroid metabolome, which can provide unique insights into alterations of steroid flow and output indicative of underlying conditions. Mass spectrometry-based steroid metabolome profiling has allowed for the identification of unique steroid signatures associated with disorders of steroid biosynthesis and metabolism that can be used for personalised a...

Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte disorder in hospitalized patients, including cancer patients. Multiple causes can lead to hyponatremia, but frequently this electrolyte disorder is due to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis (SIAD). In cancer patients this syndrome is mostly secondary to ectopic secretion of arginine vasopressin by tumoral cells. In addition, several chemotherapeutic drugs induce the release of arginine vasopressin by the hypothalamus. There i...